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Practical guides and useful information about vacuum tubes, nixie tubes, vintage audio, retro electronics, and related topics.
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Can the 10J12S Replace a Western Electric 310A?
How close the Soviet pentode gets to a Western Electric 310A, and where it falls short.
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K40Y-9 Capacitor Dimensions: How to Find Diameter, Length and More
K40Y-9 dimensions vary by capacitance and voltage. Here is how to read the body and lead measurements in the datasheet.
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Soviet Pocket Computers: From the B3-21 to the MK-52
Why the USSR's programmable calculators were really computers β games printed in magazines, plug-in ROM cartridges, and a backup seat on a Soyuz.
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Which Soviet Tube Is the Real 6DJ8 / E88CC Equivalent? 6N23P vs 6N1P
Two cheap Soviet twin triodes share the 6DJ8's pinout and often carry its name in listings. The Soviet handbooks say only one of them is a true equivalent.
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6N3P, 2C51, 5670, 396A β One Tube, Many Names: A Full Guide
Bell Labs designed it in 1946, and half the world copied it. How one double triode became the 2C51, 396A, 5670, 6385, the Soviet 6N3P and the Czechoslovak 6CC42.
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How to Read Soviet Tube Markings: Date Codes, OTK Stamps, and the Military Rhombus
Every mark on a Soviet tube means something: the date, the factory, the inspector who passed it, and sometimes the officer who accepted it for the military.
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What βTested on L3-3β Actually Means: Inside the Soviet Tube Tester
More about the L3-3, one of the most popular vacuum tube testing devices, and how it merges convenience with complexity.
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6N23P: What Is SWGP, and Why Is It Called the Holy Grail of Soviet Tubes?
Find out what makes 1974 and 1975 6N23P SWGP silver-shield tubes special.
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How to Use SBT-11 in FNIRSI GC-01 Geiger Counter
Turn a basic radiation counter into a great one with a Soviet part - full recipe here.
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Soviet Vacuum Tube Factories and Logos
All you need to know about the makers of some of the most popular tubes today.
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What Is the Maximum Plate Voltage for 6P3S and 6P3S-E Tubes?
Standard 6P3S and 6P3S-E should not automatically be treated like modern 6L6GC tubes in 445-450V builds.
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